Sleep Apnea FAQ

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

What should I expect when I go to a sleep lab?

If you have been diagnosed with a sleep problem or disorder, your primary care physician may refer you to a sleep lab or clinic where you will participate in a sleep study. A sleep study (also called a polysomnogram) is a test that records your physical state during various stages of sleep and wakefulness. It provides data that are essential in evaluating sleep and sleep-related complaints, such as identifying sleep stages, body position, blood oxygen levels, respiratory events, muscle tone, heart rate, amount of snoring and general sleep behavior. Usually you will make an appointment for your visit, which will take place at night. The sleep center may send you forms requesting your medical and sleep history prior to your appointment with the doctor. The form may ask for your bed partner's responses to some of these questions, since you may not be aware that you snore, stop breathing (sleep apnea) or kick your legs when you sleep. It also may provide tips and some special instructions for your sleep test.

Before your sleep test, you may meet with a physician or sleep specialist, who will go over your medical and sleep history. You may participate in a "split-night" test, in which half the night will be used to diagnose your sleep problem, and the other half will be used to treat the problem. This is sometimes done with patients who are being tested for sleep apnea.

After your arrive at the sleep center, you may be asked to complete a questionnaire on your sleep the night before. Many sleep centers offer a video or other information about the sleep study or specific disorders such as sleep apnea, since a significant percentage of those who have sleep tests are suspected to have sleep apnea. The video may also address what you should expect during the sleep test to ease any fears that you may have. Then you will be asked to change into nightclothes.

After changing, someone called a polysomographic technician will connect you to the electrodes that will record your brain waves and muscle movements throughout the night. The electrodes are placed in specific areas and applied with water-soluble glue and tape. The electrodes record brain waves, muscle movement, rapid eye movement (REM), air intake, and periodic limb movement. A microphone attached to your neck records snoring, and two belt-like straps around the chest and lower abdomen monitor muscle movement during breathing. Despite all of the equipment, most people say it doesn't disrupt their sleep.

After settling into bed, your technician may go to a monitoring room and ask you over an intercom to perform certain tasks that will show the electrodes are recording properly. You will be observed on a television monitor during the night, but that is to allow the technician to note your body movements during sleep.

When everything is working properly, the lights will be turned off and you can go to sleep. Many patients are so chronically tired that they have no problem falling asleep. While you are sleeping, your brain waves will be recorded to determine when you are awake or in Stage 1, 2, 3, 4 or REM sleep. You will be awakened in the morning and the electrodes will be removed. Since they are applied with water-soluble glue or tape, removal isn't painful. You will need to make an appointment with a sleep specialist to review the results of your study. You might be asked to complete a questionnaire concerning your sleep the previous night, and then you can go home.

Based on the results of your sleep study, you may be given treatment for a specific sleep disorder. For example, patients with sleep apnea may be prescribed Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or CPAP, which is a device that gently blows air into your nasal passages to keep the airway open while you are asleep.

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What should I bring along when I participate in a sleep test?

  • Nightgown, pajamas, or any comfortable sleep wear, preferably with a button-down front
  • Your favorite pillow or blanket. Sleep centers provide bedding including sheets, blankets, and pillows, but yours may help you sleep better.
  • Toiletries such as a toothbrush, toothpaste, hairbrush, or comb
  • Clothes for the following day
  • Any needed medications.
  • A book or other reading material.

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Do I need to do anything special before the test?

  1. Wash and dry your hair on the day of your sleep test. Try not to use any hair products, such as gels, hairsprays or heavy conditioners, because it may prevent the electrodes from sticking to your scalp.
  2. Remove nail polish and/or artificial nails from at least two fingers. The oximeter that is placed on your finger to monitor blood oxygen levels reads this information through the nail, so any polish or acrylic will not provide an accurate reading.
  3. Do not wear make-up. Some electrodes are on the face, so this area must be clean in order to get a good connection.
  4. Generally, you are asked to obtain a normal night's sleep before the test, unless instructed otherwise by your doctor. Continue to take your regular medications and limit caffeine intake the day of your test.

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What is snoring?

Snoring is a noise produced during sleep, usually when an individual breathes in. It occurs when the muscles associated with structures at the back of throat relax during sleep. This causes vibration of some or all of those structures (soft palate, uvula and sometimes tonsils). All snorers have incomplete obstruction of the upper airway. Many habitual snorers have complete episodes of upper airway obstruction where the airway is completely blocked for a period of time. This is usually followed by snorts and gasps as the individual fights to take a breath.

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How common is snoring?

One out of four people is a habitual snorer. It is more frequent in men and people who are overweight.

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Should I Worry if I Snore?

Snoring can sometimes be a symptom of a serious disorder called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). "Apnea" means the absence of breathing. Clinically, "apnea" is defined as stoppage of breathing for 10 seconds or more. When an individual snores loud enough to disturb others, it is usually a strong indication of obstructive sleep apnea. If this is the case, then the individual needs to be evaluated by a sleep specialist. Treatment for sleep apnea includes sleeping with a special machine called a CPAP.

There are different kinds of snoring that can indicate different things. Primary snoring, also known as simple snoring is characterized by loud upper airway breathing sounds and NO episodes of apnea. Primary snoring is often treated by losing weight, sleeping on your side and refraining from alcohol and sedatives. It can also be treated with oral devices that help maintain an open airway, or, various types of surgery that involve removing excess tissue from the throat.

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What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea is when a person stops breathing repeatedly during sleep.
  • Breathing stops because the airway collapses and prevents air from getting into the lungs.
  • Sleep patterns are disrupted, resulting in excessive sleepiness or fatigue during the day.

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What causes the airway to collapse during sleep?

  • Extra tissue in the back of the airway such as large tonsils.
  • Decrease in the tone of the muscles holding the airway open.
  • The tongue falling back and closing off the airway.

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How many people have Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

  • 4 in 100 middle-aged men and 2 in 100 middle-aged women have Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
  • Most OSA sufferers remain undiagnosed and untreated.
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea is as common as adult asthma.

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What happens if Obstructive Sleep Apnea is not treated?

Possible increased risk for:

  • High blood pressure
  • Fatigue-related motor vehicle and work accidents
  • Heart disease and heart attack
  • Decreased quality of life
  • Stroke

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What are the SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of Obstructive SleepAapnea?

If you or someone you know snores regularly and has one or more of the following symptoms, it may be Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

  • Snoring, interrupted by pauses in breathing
  • Gasping or choking during sleep
  • Restless sleep
  • Excessive sleepiness or fatigue during the day
  • Poor judgment or concentration
  • Irritability
  • Memory loss
  • High blood pressure
  • Depression
  • Obesity
  • Large neck size (>17" in men; >16" in women)
  • Crowded airway
  • Morning headache
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Frequent urination at night

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What should you do if you suspect you may have Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

See your doctor. Your doctor may reccommend that you go in for a sleep study.

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What is the treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

The most common treatment is:

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), pronounced "see-PAP." Other less common treatments include surgery and oral appliances, which may be effective in certain individuals.

Any treatments should include weight loss if needed, exercise, and avoidance of alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics.

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How does CPAP therapy work?

CPAP treats Obstructive Sleep Apnea by providing a gentle flow of positive-pressure air through a mask to splint the airway open during sleep.

  • Breathing becomes regular
  • Snoring stops
  • Restful sleep is restored
  • Quality of life is improved
  • Risk for high blood pressure, heart disease,heart attack, stroke, and motor vehicle and work accidents is reduced

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a serious, potentially life-altering, and life-threatening condition that is:

  • Easily identified
  • Effectively treated

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